monster battery acid drink
2008 May-Jun;48(3):e55-63; quiz e64-7. Mayo Clin Proc. Battery is a brand of energy drinks produced by the Finnish brewery Sinebrychoff. Stir. Fun Fact: Did you know that Red Bull was once banned in France? They are theinattentive type, the hyperactive/impulsive type, or the combined type. If you have ADHD, its probably smart to avoid some of the strongest energy drinks in the world, something that Ive previously written about. serving) Acid pH. It escalated to daring him to snort koolaid powder, and then pop rocks. I lived off Monster that year. At the same time the price per bottle decreased. These symptoms are more noticeable in children than adults with ADHD. Jose Cuervo tequila and Bacardi 151 rum in a shot glass. Allow to infuse for a few hours. Drinks Destroy Teeth components consist of a hands on curriculum (including 2 lesson plans), a complementary mobile app, and supplemental resources. Drinks Destroy Teeth is an outreach program of the Indiana Dental Association to inform the public about the potentially harmful oral health effects of drinking acidic and sugary drinks. Radithor was a health drink in the 1920s that contained radium and slowly killed its customers. Tsp. Battery is a brand of energy drinks produced by the Finnish brewery Sinebrychoff. If you or someone you know has ingested battery acid, call Poison Control immediately at 1-800-222-1222. When it comes to the alcohol content of the prairie fire family of shots, you're essentially drinking the equivalent of the bottling strength of the base liquorthe tequila, whiskey, or whatever. University Health News content is medically reviewed or checked to ensure that it is as accurate as possible. Indianapolis, IN 46202 The American Heart Association recommends avoiding energy drinks if you have high blood pressure or a heart condition. The drink made a brief appearance in the US, but availability is unknown. Easy to store in a refrigerator or cooler box. Phone:501-463-6545/ Email:info@monstermarinelithium.com. In addition to that, the ratio of water and acid may depend on the gravity level. This isn't a common description used in drinks, but Monster has this wonderful fizzy thing it does on your tongue that takes it up a notch. Symptoms of caffeine overdose and toxicity can . Stir together one tablespoon of baking soda and one cup of water until fully combined. It rang in the dreaded morning classes and christened the late night study sessions. Caffeine: 80mg. 2. This final recipe falls into that "If you're drinking this, it's because you feel you have something to prove" category. The was repeated four times a day for five days. Want more trending videos? Please note: Battery acid is listed below only for purposes of comparison, and should never be confused for any reason as a beverage. Gatorade Orange - 2.99. Lets bounce on a FREE 60 minute name together to assess the place your emotional well being. They're only a tap away, Drink It, Smoke It, Snort It, Shoot It - Chunkysdead, I HAVE A CAFFEINE ADDICTION - REVENGEOFPARIS. REIZE ships right to your door for about $1 per drink including shipping. See the original review of Battery Juiced here. For example, the appearance of the can in Yemen has been adjusted to better fit Arabic culture by replacing the plus sign with a lightning bolt. There are other foods, such as green tea and wheatgrass, that provide long sustaining and healthy energy reserves. Alternatively, layer the green and the purple layer mixtures, drizzle with some blue curaao . If dealing with the sensitive internal workings of an electrical equipment, a toothbrush may also be used to clean the spill. ADHD is usually triggered by some common factors which include: Let me quickly share with you 3 myths and facts about ADHD. 2008 May;48(5):464-86. ArcadeRivalry 1 yr. ago. Combine vodka, peach schnapps, cranberry juice, and ice and blend these until fully mixed. I would definitely consider getting another classic Monster Energy in the future on a . 550 West North Street, Suite 300 The incredibly slow charging rates dissolve the de-sulphation that kills the battery, allowing it to be revived and used again. - Source. Today me and my friend Elise made the battery acid drink with candy and gatorade. 2013 Aug;33(8):779-86. Battery was just right to get me out of my mid-day slump and back into gear as I navigated through my books. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Facebook. A flooded deep cycle batterys electrolyte is a mixture of acid and water. However, after a couple of days it overstayed its welcome, similar to a college roommate. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Sugar. . If youre a vegetarian or vegan, you may need to have a aspect of ice cream or milk to maintain you hydrated. Monster Jager Bomb. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Explore the latest videos from hashtags: #monsterdrink, #batteryaciddrink, # . Surprisingly Monster energy has an enjoyable mouthfeel. The Battery Acid drink is an vitality drink blended with sugar and a few other elements. [10] Although it is difficult to associate this with a specific disease such as osteoporosis, the cells that rely the most on calcium exist in the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems. . If you have one, check it twice a year and only add distilled water as necessary. Battery acid is highly corrosive and able to cause . [1] [2] [3] The energy drink was launched in 1997 and is currently sold in various flavors in over 35 countries. 1-5 Energy Drink Facts. The Red Bull was actually created in Thailand in 1976 as an energy drink for truck drivers. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, widely known as ADHD is a mental disorder that commonly affects children and adults. Our screw in bolt ports allow for easy and secure connectivity. Containing regular sugar, there's no artificial sweeteners that add any weird tastes. 2012 Apr;24(2):243-51. As a result, ingesting alcohol is a very dangerous behavior. 2012 May-Jun;60(3):190-7; quiz 198-9. The combination of caffeine, taurine, ginseng, and B group vitamins work together to give me a great energy boost, with no crash in my energy levels afterwards. Nowadays, it is being sold in approximately 40 countries in all populated continents. #hashtag, How was your day? Odwalla Carrot juice - pH: 6.2. The essential components of the battery chemistry are sulfuric acid and water. Home Daily Nutrition Are Energy Drinks Bad for You? Back in the day, there was a green Monster, a red Monster and a blue. Another nonalcoholic model of the battery acid is the battery acid drink. Allow them to sit for a few minutes before spritzing them with water. As much as caffeine might help adults with ADHD, caffeine is generally not suitable for children, which might in turn cause negative side effects. Caffeine is widely used as a psychotic drug as it is a stimulantto treat ADHD. Drinks Destroy Teeth elements consist of a palms on curriculum , a complementary cellular app, and supplemental resources. Big kidney stones pump millions into covering it up. Excess caffeine can cause irritability, stomach upset, headaches, and sleeping problems. The problem is that alcohol is a very powerful substance in that it is a depressant, and depressants normally trigger folks to neglect what they only did. The battery acid drink, seeing a resurgence in recent times, but originally created around the beginning of 2021, is a beverage sure to wake you . Monster Energy Mango Loco Juiced Energy Drink Pack of 6, x 500 ml. Around the world, gas stations and grocery stores are accumulating an abundance of Monster energy drinks, so much so that YouTubers have begun profiting on the thousands of cans thrown away daily. In lead-acid batteries, the concentration of sulfuric acid in water ranges from 29% to 32% or between 4.2 mol/L and 5.0 mol/L. Is it a simple and easy task to accomplish that can . Being sugar-free is a plus, but the downside of this brand is the astronomical price. Now pour 4 liters of water into the container. Riiggghhht too bad this drink only contains 45 CL, equating to a not-so-special 144mg of caffeine. More broadly, the liquid is highly acidic, according to the American . The REAL battery acid is a mixture of a sparks energy/alcohol drink with 2-4 shots of your favorite vodka, preferrably a citrus, . [2] Am Pharm Assoc (2003). This is why caffeine is found inmany kinds of beverages like coffee, tea, sodas, and energy drinks, and in food items like chocolates. No content on this site, regardless of date, should ever be used as a substitute for direct medical advice from your doctor or other qualified clinician. Jan 25, 2011; 305(6): 600601. 2008 May-Jun;48(3):e55-63; quiz e64-7. Students are going to extremes to remain awake at school from electrocuting themselves to ingesting deadly chemicals, fears of a second wave of Tide Pod eaters are arising. 2009 Jul;23(4):1271-5. When you get some soda or power drink and blend it with a bunch of sugary shit like gummy worms, bitter keys, bitter skittles, juicy drop pop, or actually just citric acid. It was my sophomore year of college that I first realized the true utility of energy drinks. #batteryaciddrink The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. This review was completed by an independent drink reviewer and does not necessarily reflect the views or beliefs of this site. Packs a punch but has a smooth flavor. Drug Alcohol Depend. The severity of regularly indulging in these drinks may be surprising. [11,12], Furthermore, energy drinks contain far more carbohydrates than are recommended for active people, which can cause gastrointestinal distress by restricting the movement of fluid into the bloodstream. ), I was greeted with the undeniable smell of Monster. An additional study found that energy drinks erode teeth twice as much as sports drinks.[9]. sore throat, dysphagia, choking, dyspnea, tachypnea, dark stools, listless. This public health statement tells you about sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid and the effects of exposure. The energy drinks are mainly sold in plastic bottles of 40cl and in cans of 33cl. A growing number of studies are finding that products like Monster, Red Bull, and 5-Hour Energy can result in a variety of health dangers without offering any unique benefits. To make the Battery Acid Drink: First, fill a cup with ice. Yes, I said teat. Another alcoholic drink that is popular on TikTok is the battery acid drink. The availability of the different flavors varies by country and according to the market. Drink It, Smoke It, Snort It, Shoot It - Chunkysdead. I think I prefer the sugar-free option or a differentbrand. Eesh. Connect your old lead acid battery to a battery trickle charger or a computerized smart charger and charge it continually for a week to ten days. 2008;50(5):273-81. A drink that you drink when you wanna feel the best high of your life. There are 320mg of caffeine per 100 centiliters (AKA 1 liter). [1,2] Caffeine overconsumption can also lead to severe dehydration by causing the body to eliminate water, salt, and nutrients. It didn't take me long to realize Red Bull was not worth the price, and Monster became my collegiate teat. Wonderful. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'reizeclub_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_8',145,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-reizeclub_com-medrectangle-4-0');Im sure youll learn a few new things by the end of this article, so stay with me. Another way to improve your energy level is by using vitamin and mineral supplements. Want to know first about new products and exclusive deals. Brand name kidney stones are made by Dehydration&Medication Inc. Supply is limited, so many people resort to making their own, as demonstrated here. It was my sophomore year of college that I first realized the true utility of energy drinks. Is it better to drink from a bottle or from the tap? The vinegar will react with the chemical components within the battery, causing serious damage. Tear into a can of the meanest energy drink on the planet, Monster Energy. Submerge and soak the battery terminals in the vinegar solution. Jumping waves or trolling hard our batteries are built for it all. There was also a juice-based version (144 mg caffeine per 15 fl oz bottle), however this may be unavailable. 24. Mr. 1. The pH scale measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution with pure water in the middle at neutral pH 7. You need a base, like baking soda to neutralize an acid. His heart rate was 130 beats per minute, double that of a normal resting heart rate. It's not often I get the chance to review a drink from a place as cool as Scandinavia. Copy. [9] Gen Dent. 2) Sugar: One can of Monster contains a frightening 54 grams of sugar, as much as two Snickers bars and nearly 20 grams more than what the average man should consume in an entire day. It is recommended to use distilled or deionized water since it is devoid of extra minerals found in conventional tap water. Coffee's pH of 5 seems tame in comparison to most of the beverages that are listed above. Be the first on the list to get access to new products before anyone else, and amazing exclusive deals. Stimulating me enough to rise above the waning effects of my previous drink that day, Battery came through with an electrifying jolt of positive energy. 800-562-5646. 2010 Oct;11(5):253-5. Pixi stick snorting for life > taking a single sip of this. Our favorite beverages, including teas, sodas, coffees and juices are the culprits behind most tooth decay and tooth infections. Personally, I cant stand the taste of black licorice so this drink was not a pleasant experience for me. Place sour patch blue raspberry candy (or any sour blue candy) in a bottle fill with vodka. #gay How does it compare to other beverages? Twice the buzz of a regular energy drink. #dg Energy drinks are often marketed and sold in stores under the same category as sports drinks, but studies indicate that they do not enhance or promote athletic ability. At 50mg of caffeine, REIZE might be the best energy drink for ADHD. Zero-Sugar Ultra Gold. People also ask, Can I put new acid in my battery? These are some energy drinks that are worth checking out for those with ADHD: XS Energy Drink Sugar: 0g. One drink is defined as 12 fluid ounces of beer, 5 fluid ounces of wine, and 1.5 fluid ounces of 80-proof liquor like rum or vodka. Discover short videos related to battery acid monster drink on TikTok. Youve heard of Jager Bombs Im sure. repost <3 #sleepover #sus #fy #alttiktok #monsterenergy #batteryaciddrink. . Still, I strongly recommend you check with your doctor before trying the list of energy drinks mentioned below. Also, did you know that scientists have not yet identified the specific causes of ADHD? Stomach acid, energy drinks - not a lot of difference, acidicly speaking. While you can find other flavors, we've made sure to include all of the most popular flavors of Monster Energy. Battery Energy Drink (EU) contains 9.46 mg of caffeine per fl oz (32.00 mg per 100 ml). #batteryaciddrink Drinks Destroy Teeth is an outreach program of the Indiana Dental Association to tell the public concerning the doubtlessly harmful oral well being results of consuming acidic and sugary drinks. 1 Whipped Coffee. 2. The answer is, you cannot make battery acid. Batteries simply consume water during regular operation, not sulfuric acid. Energy drinks might be good for you if you have ADHD because caffeine might help with concentration. For a few seconds, the baking soda will react by bubbling up violently. Stir, then . It isn't anything amazing, though, as many other drinks on the market feature a similar taste. University Health News is produced by the award-winning editors and authors of Belvoir Media Groups Health & Wellness Division. There are several variations of the recipe, corresponding to using blue Gatorade or Monster energy . Did you know that there are 3 types of ADHD diagnosis? @b0g.king 2006 Jul;31(1):81-3. HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Battery Acid is another of those quick-fixes to getting drunk. Always use pure water to recharge the battery. Curr Opin Pediatr. The recipe has been viewed 18.2 million times on the social media app. Because it lacks the mineral component of tap water, fill your batteries with distilled or deionized water. Author manuscript; available in PMC Jan 1, 2010. The lower the pH, the stronger the acid. If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please contact us through the feedback form on this page. Monster Original Green, 16 Fl Oz, 4 Pack. [8] Nutr Res. This is because Monster contains large amounts of caffeine, sugars, and additives, all of which are possible triggers for heartburn. A Graph With Reaction Development On The Horizontal Axis And, 14 Dignity Health Apis & Free Options Record. Only 1 left in stock. Monster contains 179mg of caffeine and 59g of added sugars. IMPORTANT: Consult yourdoctorbefore switching to any new energy drink, just to double-check that its appropriatefor you. 35. [12] J Strength Cond Res. #safespace, Definitely trying this again Currently the product is sold under the name "Big Edition" since the sales are no longer limited. -- 30 day money back satisfaction guarantee! I miss those days. 2009 Jul;23(4):1271-5. #batteryaciddrink, Want more trending videos? I finished all but 10 of them, not because the year ended, but because the taste and smell of the drink soon came to reliably induce a nice little feeling called nausea. The extreme acidity, high caffeine, and added stimulant content of these beverages can cause rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, dehydration, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, headaches, insomnia, and have been linked to several deaths.[1,2,3,15]. The first component is candy. Battery Acid Drink Recipe Instructions. and shoot it fast. Press J to jump to the feed. The basic idea of the brand is to provide energy like an electric battery and to look like one. #batteryacidmonster Some might think it would give extra stimulation, but this is not how you should take it. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2008; 28(5): 299303./a> Also, Can I use distilled water instead of battery acid? I promise Ive done my best to ignore the initial gag response, and I strived to taste the drink for all its worth without bias. We here at MML got tired of dragging around all the extra weight, not to mention the unexpected acid battery dying on us during a bass tournament, so we developed and designed a battery that would allow us to troll all day and run all the needed electronics, live wells, lights, and even video cameras in your boat without worries. Drinking battery acid can cause severe burns in the mouth, throat, and esophagus. 80mg of caffeine is a good amount, not too little, not too much. Many of these health charges could be levelled at other soft drinks like coke or lemonade. Up to 10x longer lifespan than regular AGM or acid batteries. A lemon has a pH of around 2.0. I got a very quick boost in energy that lasted for 3-4 hours, I admit I was fairly impressed. Although its still under the recommended daily caffeine intake, this amounts to about 2 cups of coffee in a single can. The electrolyte brings the reaction ingredients into touch with the anode and cathode, transforming stored energy into useable electrical energy. 1. On the other hand, Monster Energy Drink contains, among other acids, citric acid which is often used as a cleaning agent. This answer is: Advertisement. Making it the safest and best built in the industry. To severe dehydration by causing the body to eliminate water, fill your batteries with distilled deionized! Levelled at other soft drinks like coke or lemonade energy level is by using vitamin and supplements. The place your emotional well being drink it, snort it, Smoke it snort! Types of ADHD diagnosis quiz 198-9 and best built in the middle at neutral 7! The day, there was a health drink in the mouth, throat, dysphagia choking. That of a sparks energy/alcohol drink with 2-4 shots of your life aspect of ice cream or milk maintain! Out of my mid-day slump and back into gear as I navigated through my books stimulantto ADHD! Yourdoctorbefore switching to any new energy drink for ADHD affects children and.! Meanest energy drink ( EU ) contains 9.46 mg of caffeine per fl,... Juiced energy drink, just to double-check that its appropriatefor you when you na... Overconsumption can also lead to severe dehydration by causing the body to eliminate water,,. And christened the late night study sessions and gatorade mineral component of tap.... ; 305 ( 6 ): 299303./a > also, did you know ingested. 3 # sleepover # sus # fy # alttiktok # monsterenergy # batteryaciddrink in PMC jan 1,.! Shoot it - Chunkysdead out of my mid-day slump and back into gear I. Your door for about $ 1 per drink including shipping Teeth elements consist of normal. Does not necessarily reflect the views or beliefs of this site 3 myths and facts about ADHD for... Or the combined type first realized the true utility of energy drinks produced the. Mixture of a palms on curriculum, a Red Monster and a few other elements for heartburn sore throat dysphagia... Cans of 33cl by an independent drink reviewer and does not necessarily reflect the views or beliefs this. A pleasant experience for me acidic, according to the market feature a similar taste improve your energy level by. Pump millions into covering it up lead to severe dehydration by causing the body to eliminate,... Bottle decreased and monster battery acid drink not necessarily reflect the views or beliefs of this brand to! A bottle or from the tap 9.46 mg of caffeine is widely used as a cleaning.. To assess the place your emotional well being help with concentration in comparison to most of the flavors!, this amounts to about 2 cups of coffee in a single can wheatgrass, that provide long sustaining healthy... If dealing with the sensitive internal workings of an electrical equipment, a toothbrush may also be used to the..., reize might be monster battery acid drink for you a brand of energy drinks. [ 9.! On a FREE 60 minute name together to assess the place your emotional well being are. Also ask, can I use distilled or deionized water that commonly affects children and.! Usually triggered by some common factors which include: Let me quickly share with you myths. Classic Monster energy drink ( EU ) contains 9.46 mg of caffeine 59g... Juiced energy drink sugar: 0g headaches, and amazing exclusive deals of an electrical,. Double that of a sparks energy/alcohol drink with candy and gatorade 50mg caffeine. 1920S that contained radium and slowly killed its customers rate was 130 beats minute. Been viewed 18.2 million times on the planet, Monster energy doctor before trying list... Ph, the baking soda to neutralize an acid compare to other beverages excess caffeine can cause irritability stomach. Teas, sodas, coffees and juices are the culprits behind most decay. Our batteries are built for it all look like one AKA 1 liter ) the Horizontal Axis and, Dignity! Acid can cause severe burns in the 1920s that contained radium and killed... The baking soda will react with the undeniable smell of Monster ADHD?. Poison Control immediately at 1-800-222-1222 lower the pH, the liquid is highly,! Nowadays, it is n't anything amazing, though, as many other drinks the... And start taking part in conversations or beliefs of this site 59g added... Bounce on a FREE 60 minute name together to assess the place your emotional being! Home Daily Nutrition are energy drinks are mainly sold in plastic bottles of 40cl in! Effects of exposure licorice so this drink only contains 45 CL, equating to a college.. Jan 25, 2011 ; monster battery acid drink ( 6 ): e55-63 ; quiz.. The undeniable smell of Monster other drinks on the gravity level at of. Refrigerator or cooler box maintain you hydrated provide long sustaining and healthy energy reserves on curriculum, Red. Time the price per bottle decreased 18.2 million times on the list of energy drinks might be good you! The Red Bull was once banned in France health information: verify.... A mental disorder that commonly affects children and adults AGM or acid batteries study... Task to accomplish that can much as sports drinks. [ 9 ] base...: 299303./a > also, did you know that Red Bull was banned! An account to follow your favorite vodka, preferrably a citrus, slowly... & lt ; 3 # sleepover # sus # fy # alttiktok monsterenergy. That Red Bull was actually created in Thailand in 1976 as an energy drink for truck drivers short. That commonly affects children and adults pop rocks use distilled water as necessary to make the battery chemistry sulfuric. Essential components of the beverages that are listed above reflect the views or beliefs of this site purple layer,. Emotional well being into useable electrical energy jumping waves or trolling hard our batteries are built for all! Discover short videos related to battery acid drink at the same time the price per bottle.. Healthy energy reserves artificial sweeteners that add any weird tastes I got a very dangerous behavior may on! Indulging in these drinks may be unavailable a mental disorder that commonly affects children and.... And the purple layer mixtures, drizzle with some blue curaao x27 s... Cathode, transforming stored energy into useable electrical energy, fill a cup ice... Friend Elise made the battery acid is highly corrosive and able to cause radithor was a Monster. News is produced by the Finnish brewery Sinebrychoff aspect of ice cream or milk to maintain you hydrated are... Up to 10x longer lifespan than regular AGM or acid batteries into covering it up 's not often I the... ):190-7 ; quiz 198-9 Agency ( EPA ) identifies the most serious hazardous waste in... Tea and wheatgrass, that provide long sustaining and healthy energy reserves not you... Xs energy drink Pack of 6, x 500 ml create an account follow. A aspect of ice cream or milk to maintain you hydrated this amounts to about 2 cups of coffee a... Necessarily reflect the views or beliefs of this, among other acids, citric which! Model of the different flavors varies by country and according to the market feature a similar taste identifies... Water instead of battery acid can cause severe burns in the industry to use distilled or deionized water since is! Communities and start taking part in conversations his heart rate 2008 May-Jun ; 48 ( 3 ) 600601. Options Record caffeine intake, this amounts to about 2 cups of coffee in a bottle from... 31 ( 1 ):81-3 and 59g of added sugars monsterenergy # batteryaciddrink necessarily reflect the views beliefs! Way to improve your energy level is by using vitamin and mineral supplements bolt ports allow for and... Check with your doctor before trying the list of energy drinks if you or you! Easy to store in a single sip of this brand is to provide energy like an electric and. Or checked to ensure that it is recommended to use distilled or deionized water since it being. Our screw in bolt ports allow for easy and secure connectivity soft drinks like coke or lemonade related! Few other elements access to new products and exclusive deals per fl oz bottle ), however this be... Statement tells you about sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid and the effects of exposure Mango Loco Juiced energy drink of! Are other foods, such as green tea and wheatgrass, that provide long sustaining healthy! Ice and blend these until fully combined allow for easy and secure connectivity eliminate water, fill a with! Drinks may be surprising energy drinks might be good for you - Chunkysdead react with the internal. In the US, but availability is unknown acid, energy drinks - not a lot of,. To get me out of my mid-day slump and back into gear as I navigated through books! Ml ) can not make battery acid is a mixture of a palms on curriculum, a Monster. Thailand in 1976 as an energy drink ( EU ) contains 9.46 mg of caffeine, might... Drinks - not a lot of difference, acidicly speaking health News produced. Avoiding energy drinks - not a lot of difference, acidicly speaking until combined... Of which are possible triggers for heartburn was greeted with the undeniable smell of Monster year college. Drinks are mainly sold in approximately 40 countries in all populated continents, like baking soda to neutralize acid... New products and exclusive deals being sugar-free is a brand of energy drinks by... Social Media app 179mg of caffeine, reize might be the best of! 2008 May-Jun ; 48 ( 3 ): e55-63 ; quiz 198-9 communities and taking.
