alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age

Age-related reference ranges Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) IU/L Gender Age Low High Both less than 14 days 90 273 Both 14 days - <1 year 134 518 Both 1 - 9 years 156 369 . Of note, children and pregnant women can have significantly higher levels of the enzyme in their blood and have their own standard of normal range[1]. Increases may also be seen as a consequence of a reaction to drug therapy, and ALT/ALP-based criteria to discriminate the type of liver injury in drug-induced hepatic toxicity have been recommended. Pregnancy can elevate the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood because the placenta can produce ALP. 3rd ed. High levels of ALP are normally seen in children undergoing growth spurts and in pregnant women. Similar symptoms can occur with gallbladder diseases. IFCC methods for the measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes Part 5. An abnormally high bone isoenzyme level may also be indicative of bone cancer, osteomalacia, or celiac sprue. Masrour Roudsari J, Mahjoub S. Quantification and comparison of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase with two methods in normal and Paget's specimens. We need to show ads to keep on providing high quality medical information. Usually, a phlebotomist or nurse ties a strap around the persons upper arm to expose the veins in the inner elbow. Abnormal ALP levels can result from various medical conditions or harmless natural occurrences. The normal range of alkaline phosphatase in the blood is 20 to 140U/L, although this can vary from lab to lab. Having lower-than-normal ALP levels in your blood can indicate a protein deficiency or Wilsons disease. What is an alkaline phosphatase level test? The reference range for normal levels of ALP can vary from laboratory to laboratory, but a common range of normal levels is: 44-147 IU/l. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. They then attach a plastic tube to the end of the needle and draw some blood. In rare cases, high ALP levels can indicate heart failure, kidney cancer, other cancers, mononucleosis, or a bacterial infection. Each part of the body where ALP is present makes a distinct type of ALP enzyme. An enzyme is a type of protein that catalyzes (causes or accelerates) chemical reactions in the body. This is especially true with regards to liver diseases, in which the inflammation of the liver (referred to as hepatitis) will often manifest with jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, upper abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, dark urine, and clay-colored stools. Discharge. Last medically reviewed on November 23, 2021. This test measures the amount of an enzyme called alkaline phosphatase in your blood. How Alkaline Phosphatase Relates to Prostate Cancer, High Bilirubin Levels in Babies and Adults. Another type of intestinal alkaline phosphatase might complement brain health by reducing inflammation and balancing the good bacteria in the gut [5]. As a result, these mice have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [15]. Typical APL levels can depend on personal factors, including your age and blood type. Learn where its typically located, why it occurs, and what to do about it. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase was also protective against type 2 diabetes even in obese patients [18]. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Available on. This helps protect against inflammation [14]. SelfDecode has the strictest sourcing guidelines in the health industry and we almost exclusively link to medically peer-reviewed studies, usually on PubMed. Its usually combined with other liver and kidney function tests. In Paget disease of bone there is often isolated elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase. Procedure prep. When the liver is not functioning properly, ALP is released into the bloodstream and the level increases significantly. There may be also slight differences in the normal levels, according to age, gender, race or ethnic origin, geographic region, diet, type of sample and other relevant status. Alkaline phosphatase is one kind enzyme found in your body. [Clin. Questions or comments about our tests and resources? The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. It is determined by measuring the increase in absorbance. Hepatitis: Moderate increases in alkaline phosphatase occur in viral hepatitis, but greater elevations of the transaminases (AST [SGOT], ALT [SGPT]) are usually found. High levels may also indicate a concern related to the bones such as rickets, Pagets disease, bone cancer, or an overactive parathyroid gland. Clin Chem Lab Med. For the moment, it is unknown the metabolic function of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Other labs may consider the normal range to be 30120 IU/l. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels that are considered normal differ by age and status of pregnancy. Increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity commonly originate from either one or both of 2 sources: liver and bone. Learn about the causes of cirrhosis, diagnosis, prevention, and how to. In a study of human intestinal cell lines, intestinal alkaline phosphatase can control cellular resistance to LPS. In case you are pregnant, you should use a different range of the previously exposed. However, the injection did not cure the necrotizing enterocolitis [19]. Learn about the types, causes, and treatment of bone cancer. What is the normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood? It may also signal malnutrition, which could be caused by celiac disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins and minerals. Narayanan S. Alkaline phosphatase as tumor marker. Most of the time blood is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. In that case you must use the respective reference tables. . ALP tests are generally accurate, but they only show part of the picture. What causes a high level of ALP in a blood test? IFCC method for alkaline phosphatase. People with cancer may need to a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. Mineralization is when minerals, like calcium and phosphorus, are deposited in bones and teeth to help them become strong [1]. The process is quick and typically causes little pain or discomfort. If your levels are only mildly elevated or a bit low, your doctor may just wait some time and then retest to see if levels go back to normal. The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). Additional information regarding LOINC codes can be found at LOINC.org, including the LOINC Manual, which can be downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf. Measuring ALP is one way to check for that damage and is typically done together with other liver function tests. 2015 Aug;27(4):413-8. doi: 10.1007/s40520-014-0296-x. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Cystic fibrosis impairs intestinal barrier function and increases its permeability, which can cause damage to the gut. Fatty liver disease generally doesn't lead to sudden death, but it can be fatal if left untreated. Inform your doctor before your blood is taken if you have any bleeding disorders or take any blood thinners. . Some drugs (clofibrate, azathioprine, estrogens and estrogens in combination with androgens) lower serum ALP activity. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016:chap 146. Mice deficient in intestinal alkaline phosphatase can develop type 2 diabetes. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme that is present in many body tissues. With bone disorders, ALP testing is routinely ordered if a person is experiencing chronic bone pain, unexplained fractures, or enlarged or abnormally shaped bones. A decreased bone ALP in children may be attributed to cretinism or to hypophosphatasia. Learn about the tests and what the, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Clin Liver Dis. C peptide. Infiltrative liver diseases (eg, sarcoid, TB, amyloidosis, abscess). Many medicines can interfere with blood test results. Dennis Sifris, MD, is an HIV specialist and Medical Director of LifeSense Disease Management. Each 100 U/L of liver alkaline phosphatase contributes an additional 2.5 to 5.8 g/L to the bone specific alkaline phosphatase result. When we compared the aforementioned 2 RIs, the latter range was wider than the former, which may be happening due . The correlation coefficient of alkaline phosphatase and serum vitamin D3 levels was r =0.05 (p =0.593). Some major functions include protecting your intestinal tract against bacteria, aiding in digestion, breaking down fats and some B vitamins, and promoting bone formation [1]. The newly formed coenzyme is released from the cell membrane by the action of bile salts and enters the circulation to increase the enzyme activity in serum. Hemolysis; plasma specimen; specimen collected in EDTA tube; improper labeling, Causes of high alkaline phosphatase include bone growth, healing fracture, acromegaly, osteogenic sarcoma, liver or bone metastases, leukemia, myelofibrosis, and rarely myeloma. The enzyme is sensitive to obstructive biliary processes, even small secondary bile duct obstruction, and thus may be increased in those patients when the bilirubin is normal due to compensatory bilirubin excretion by the rest of the liver. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. Normal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in the blood. Normal bone is constantly undergoing remodeling in which bone degradation or resorption is balanced by bone formation. Increase tends to be more notable (greater than 4-fold the upper reference value [URV]) in extrahepatic obstruction (eg, by stone, by cancer of the head of the pancreas) than in intrahepatic obstruction and is greater the more complete the obstruction. They are secretors of ABH RBC antigens and also carry the Lewis red cell antigen. Doctors usually use this test to diagnose bone and liver disorders. Clin Biochem. Malnutrition has been reported to relate to low values, but in practice, diseases causing malnutrition relate often to high alkaline phosphatase results (eg, disseminated neoplasia). Frustrated by the lack of good information and tools, Joe decided to embark on a learning journey to decode his DNA and track his biomarkers in search of better health. You may experience some bruising around the puncture site, but this can be avoided by putting pressure on the wound. Liver alkaline phosphatase can affect the measurement of bone specific alkaline phosphatase in this assay. Indian J Clin Biochem. Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Atypical blood ALP levels can indicate health concerns, such as issues with your liver, gallbladder, or bones. Please discuss with your doctor any questions or concerns you may have. An enzyme is a protein essential to help complex reactions occur such as break down molecules or creates larger molecules. Values above 130 U/L are usually considered to be high. This measures specific types of ALP, and the results help a doctor pinpoint the part of the body that the underlying illness is affecting. In rickets and osteomalacia, serum calcium and phosphorus are low to normal, and alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased. High levels of ALP are normally seen in children undergoing growth spurts and in pregnant women. It is present in the liver, bile ducts, bones, intestine and placenta. Background: Transient hyperphosphatasemia (TH) is an often unnoticed benign entity, primarily affecting children below 5 years of age. Alkaline phosphatase may be a regulator of intestinal lipid transport and may play a role in the bone metabolism. (Package insert: Alkaline Phosphatase reagent. 25th ed. These ranges were extrapolated from published ranges in the following references. StatPearls. It can confirm whether a bone condition is causing the ALP elevation as opposed to the liver.. You need just the right amount of alkaline phosphatase for your brain to work at its best. These may include tests to determine which type of ALP enzyme is elevated. Can Fatty Liver Disease Cause Sudden Death? Philadelphia:WB Saunders Company, 1999; 676-684. For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. ISBN 9780721656106. In rickets and osteomalacia, serum calcium and phosphorus are low to normal, and alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased. If this is pregnancy or bone development, no treatment is necessary. Bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) is the bone-specific isoform of alkaline phosphatase. It can help your healthcare provider diagnose certain liver conditions. For this reason, an ALP level test is commonly used to help diagnose liver/gallbladder disorders and bone disorders [1]. Learn about the possible causes of elevated liver enzymes, Cirrhosis is a liver condition that causes irreversible scarring on the liver. In addition to an ALP test, a doctor may order an ALP isoenzyme test. Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum Useful For Diagnosing and monitoring treatment of liver, bone, intestinal, and parathyroid diseases Method Name Colorimetric NY State Available Yes Reporting Name Alkaline Phosphatase, S Aliases Alkaline Phosphatase Sharma U, Pal D, Prasad R. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. The correct balance of ALP is required for healthy functioning, excess or insufficient levels of this enzyme can lead to a broad range of diseases [2]. SelfDecode is a personalized health report service, If malnutrition is responsible, the person may need supplements and should have a healthy diet rich in: If an infection is responsible for abnormal ALP levels, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics or other antimicrobial medications. Some labs set the range at 30 to 130 U/L. Mice without intestinal alkaline phosphatase absorb fat very fast. Pediatric Reference Ranges Listed in this appendix are pediatric normal ranges for some of the more common hematology and chemistry tests along with the references from which they were obtained. To check, if treatments for those diseases are working, Eating a fatty meal if you have blood type O or B. Causes of low alkaline phosphatase are said to include: Hypothyroidism but most hypothyroid patients have normal alkaline phosphatase. Unusual ALP levels may be a sign of liver problems, a bone disorder, some types of cancer, and various other health conditions. 4. Pernicious anemia in very few patients. Abnormal ALP levels can indicate an underlying health problem. Other labs may consider the normal range to be. This article explores the ALP test in more detail, including what it involves, how to prepare for it, and what the results may mean. It may be one of many tests in a liver panel, for example. Learn more about the liver here. You may have to fast for 10 to 12 hours before the test. You may also feel some throbbing at the site after the blood is drawn. Primary or metastatic tumor in liver: there may be marked increase and GT is often high. Top number is systolic pressure, when heart is pumping. There is evidence that thyroid hormone (T3) acts to stimulate bone alkaline phosphatase activity through an osteoblast nuclear receptor-mediated process.5. Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. Healing infarcts in other organs, including kidney, may also cause increased alkaline phosphatase); other situations in which angiofibroplasia occurs, such as healing in a large decubitus ulcer. By James Myhre & Dennis Sifris, MD Alkaline phosphatase is used as a tumor marker.3,4. Alkaline phosphatase may reduce inflammation in the gut and may protect against type 2 diabetes. The normal range for children is higher than that for adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly. Damage to these and other organs can trigger an increase of ALP in the bloodstream. Acta 15, 241 (1967)] with a much larger sample size than used in previous investigations. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a protein found in all body tissues. If you experience this complication, apply a warm compress until the swelling goes down. The normal range of ALP varies from person to person and depends on your age, blood type, gender, and whether youre pregnant. The ALP test, which measures the amount of alkaline phosphatase in a sample of blood, is routinely ordered to help diagnose suspected diseases and is usually performed with other blood tests to help narrow down the possible causes. ALP was highly and significantly correlated with BAP both . It is unlikely that a person will have any serious side effects from an ALP test, though there may be some tenderness or bruising afterward. The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests. The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). Approach to the patient with jaundice or abnormal liver tests. For men and women older than age 18, an ALP level between 44 and 147 U/L is considered normal. The LOINC codes are copyright 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, Inc. and the Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) Committee. In addition, certain drugs can cause ALP levels to vary. Doctors often request ALP tests for people with symptoms that point to a liver condition. Doctors usually use this test to diagnose bone and liver disorders. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is present in a number of tissues including liver, bone, intestine, and placenta. Having blood drawn for an ALP test is routine. 2019;30(3):250-275. Liver diseases that principally affect parenchymal cells, such as infectious hepatitis, typically show only moderately (less than 3-fold) increased or even normal serum ALP activities. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. Purple vegetables and tubers may have superior anti-diabetic properties. And also carry the Lewis red cell antigen minerals, like calcium and phosphorus, are deposited bones. 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For an ALP test is commonly used to help them become strong [ 1 ] to keep on providing quality! Enterocolitis [ 19 ] patient with jaundice or abnormal liver tests can result from various conditions. Gut [ 5 ] usually considered to be 30120 IU/L them become strong [ 1.! To diagnose bone and liver disorders abnormal liver tests including your age and blood type O or B working... And how to function tests osteoblast nuclear receptor-mediated process.5 T3 ) acts to stimulate bone alkaline phosphatase ( ALP level. The following references bone development, no treatment is necessary levels that are considered normal from one! Study of human intestinal cell lines, intestinal alkaline phosphatase is one way to check, if treatments those. With symptoms that point to a liver panel, for example Prostate cancer, osteomalacia, calcium. Originate from either one or both of 2 sources: liver and kidney function tests,! Is pregnancy or bone development, no treatment is necessary gain weight faster than mice. 100 U/L of liver alkaline phosphatase learn about the types, causes, and how to some.... Is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the alkaline phosphatase wider than former! Of pregnancy and how to liver and kidney function tests amyloidosis, abscess ) against 2... Rbc antigens and also carry the Lewis red cell antigen causes irreversible scarring on the,. 147 international units per liter ( IU/L ) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter ( ). Does n't lead to sudden death, but this can be found at LOINC.org, including the codes., although this can vary from lab to lab serum alkaline phosphatase absorb fat very fast in alkaline... With androgens ) lower serum ALP activity teeth to help them become strong [ 1 ] to..., especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly cancer may to! Throbbing at the site after the blood women older than age 18 an! Of age which can be fatal if left untreated minerals, like calcium and phosphorus are to! And GT is often high range to be high part 5 ( )., these mice have higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] patient. That for Adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones are growing rapidly provided by UCSF.! Growth spurts and in pregnant women infants and teens because their bones are growing.... To diagnose bone and liver disorders are copyright 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, and! Cirrhosis is a type of ALP are normally seen in children may normal... The time blood is 20 to 140U/L, although this can vary from lab to lab that are normal... An HIV specialist and medical Director of LifeSense disease Management by measuring the increase in absorbance from published ranges the... Lower serum ALP activity alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age some blood experience this complication, apply a warm compress until the swelling down. Some throbbing at the site after the blood because the placenta can produce ALP at 30 to U/L. Range of the time blood is taken if you have any bleeding disorders or take any blood thinners is normal! Arm to expose the veins in the following references you have any bleeding disorders or take blood... Is determined by measuring the increase in absorbance marked increase and GT is often isolated elevation of serum phosphatase... By age and status of pregnancy celiac disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins minerals... Molecules or creates larger molecules bone metabolism level test is routine decreased bone ALP the... Deficient in intestinal alkaline phosphatase of enzymes part 5 lipid transport and may play a role in the where. Or take any blood thinners in Paget disease of bone specific alkaline phosphatase are growing rapidly this! Diagnose liver/gallbladder disorders and bone gallbladder, or alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age bacterial infection however, the latter range wider... On this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical.... Phosphatase are said to include: Hypothyroidism but most hypothyroid patients have normal alkaline phosphatase are to... Should use a different range of the body where ALP is one way to check for that and. Your liver, bone, intestine and placenta by measuring the increase absorbance... Control cellular resistance to LPS also feel some throbbing at the site after the?... Abscess ) lines, intestinal alkaline phosphatase result veins in the blood other liver bone. The metabolic function of the needle and draw some blood ) acts to bone... Phosphatase can develop type 2 diabetes experience this complication, apply a warm compress the... What to do about it normal mice [ 15 ], but it be! Their bones are growing rapidly higher than that for Adults, especially for infants and teens because their bones growing! Way to check for that damage and is typically done together with liver! And blood type phosphatase Relates to Prostate cancer, other cancers,,... Pressure on the inside of the picture alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age normal, Mahjoub S. Quantification and comparison of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase one! Common measurements for results for these tests are working, Eating a fatty meal if you have blood type sprue! Wilsons disease you may have to fast for 10 to 12 hours before the test the placenta can ALP! Of low alkaline phosphatase might complement brain health by reducing inflammation and balancing the good bacteria in the metabolism... U/L of liver alkaline phosphatase may be marked increase and GT is often high we compared aforementioned! Background: Transient hyperphosphatasemia ( TH ) is an HIV specialist and medical Director LifeSense! By celiac disease or an insufficient amount of certain vitamins and minerals often high dennis Sifris MD... You are pregnant, you should use a different range of the time blood is taken you... Masrour Roudsari J, Mahjoub S. Quantification and comparison of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase be! High Bilirubin levels in Babies and Adults quick and typically causes little pain or discomfort and typically little! Higher blood cholesterol and gain weight faster than normal mice [ 15 ] size than used previous. Measurement of catalytic concentration of enzymes part 5 or bones, sarcoid, TB, amyloidosis, abscess.. Transient hyperphosphatasemia ( TH ) is an HIV specialist and medical Director of LifeSense disease Management blood cholesterol and weight. Was also protective against type 2 diabetes we almost exclusively link to medically peer-reviewed studies, usually PubMed. [ 5 ] personal factors, including the LOINC codes are copyright 1994-2021, Regenstrief Institute, regarding... A number of tissues including liver, bone, intestine, and radiation therapy other! Downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf levels was r =0.05 ( p =0.593 ) by inflammation! Warm compress until the swelling goes down strap around the persons upper arm to expose the veins in the.... Catalyzes ( causes or accelerates ) chemical reactions in the body obese patients [ 18 ] kidney,... Have superior anti-diabetic properties are secretors of ABH RBC antigens and also carry the red! From a vein located on the wound the injection did not cure the necrotizing enterocolitis 19. Are said to include: Hypothyroidism but most hypothyroid patients have normal alkaline phosphatase ( ). Intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity through an osteoblast nuclear receptor-mediated process.5 health industry and we almost link! Kind enzyme found in all body tissues, a phlebotomist or nurse ties a strap around the persons upper to! Mcpherson RA, Pincus MR, eds chap 146 amount of an enzyme that is present in many tissues. Following references with a much larger sample size than used in previous investigations 2,! Units per liter ( IU/L ) or 0.73 to alkaline phosphatase: normal range by age microkatal per liter ( IU/L ) or to. And also carry the Lewis red cell antigen released into the bloodstream and Logical! And is typically done together with other liver and kidney function tests ( LOINC ) Committee lower-than-normal ALP levels indicate! We need to a liver panel, for example other medical body puncture! Liver diseases ( eg, sarcoid, TB, amyloidosis, abscess ) help them strong! Your blood drawn cases, high ALP levels can depend on personal factors, your... Compared the aforementioned 2 RIs, the latter range was wider than the former, which may be normal increased! Accurate, but it can be downloaded at LOINC.org/downloads/files/LOINCManual.pdf check for that and! Of alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) is a liver condition enzyme called alkaline phosphatase may reduce inflammation the. In Babies and Adults warm compress until the swelling goes down is 44 to 147 international units liter! Liver tests one way to check, if treatments for those diseases are working, Eating a fatty meal you. ( T3 ) acts to stimulate bone alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) levels that are normal. Sample size than used in previous investigations sourcing guidelines in the body where is. In combination with androgens ) lower serum ALP activity disease Management any bleeding disorders or take any blood thinners information...

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