why is hearing impaired a slur
Background: Dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by challenges identifying speech sounds and learning how to connect them to letters and words, according to the Mayo Clinic. The term special education is still widely used when referring to public school programs, although some government entities use titles like exceptional student services.. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having schizophrenia only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. The term vegetative state is preferable to vegetable or veg, but it is considered offensive by some and is frequently misused. See also Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology. Background: Disability and disabled generally describe functional limitations that affect one or more of the major life activities, including walking, lifting, learning and breathing. The terms depressed, depressing and depressive are acceptable in other contexts when the person being referenced does not have a medically diagnosed condition. However, some people still strongly support the method. Until recently, the term deaf-blind was widely accepted, and it is still in use today. It might be Easy English. These foods have important vitamins and help keep the lining of the throat healthy. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. AP style: The AP merely defines Tourette Syndrome as, A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations.. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. Earwax impaction is another culprit. Physical damage to the brain: Brain damage can affect both structure and function. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. Plain English is sometimes known as plain language or Everyday English. Background: Paraplegia is defined as the loss of movement in the lower extremities and torso. Symptoms may include reliving the traumatic event, avoidance of certain behaviors, negative emotions, or physical symptoms such as dizziness or nausea. Severity and symptoms vary widely. However, use the term the person prefers if its possible to ask. The stylebook cautions against using mental health terms to describe non-health issues. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dissociative identity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. Do not assume that a person who has had a seizure has epilepsy. It is the preferred terminology in Great Britain and by a number of U.S. disability activists. Again, proceed with caution. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. Historically it was called mongoloidism, and people with it were called Mongoloids; this is now considered offensive. See also Deaf; Cochlear implant and Hard of hearing. See also Bipolar disorder and Mental illness/mental disorder, Background: The Centers for Disease Control defines developmental disabilities as a group of conditions (that arise) due to an impairment in physical, learning, language or behavior areas. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using lame or lamebrain to describe a person except in a quote. A treatment center is an establishment usually run by psychiatric or medical professionals. Background: The term interabled is used by some in the disability community to refer to couples in which one person has a disability and the other does not. Electrical sensitivities are triggered by electromagnetic fields from electrical devices and frequencies. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. For example, Down syndrome girl or autistic boy. An example of people-first language is a girl with Down syndrome or a boy with autism. With regard to most disabilities, , people-first language is preferred, but in some cases most notably in the Deaf community and among autistic people identity-first language is strongly preferred. Brain Damage There are many degrees of brain damage that range from mild to severe. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. We also will include some guidance in individual entries here but again, we encourage you to confirm on a case-by-case basis. Background: Dumb was once widely used to describe a person who could not speak and implied the person was incapable of expressing himself or herself; it eventually came to be synonymous with silent.. Mental illness is a prevalent invisible disability. Prior to 2013, subtypes of autism, such as Aspergers syndrome, autism disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder, were classified as distinct disorders. It is not interchangeable with American sign language; in fact, its not sign language at all. The stylebook suggests using terms such as mentally disabled, intellectually disabled and developmentally disabled., See also Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, See entry on Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Background: The term was commonly used in the late 19th century to refer to people who had Down syndrome, due to the similarity of some of the physical characteristics of the disorder to Eastern Asian people, who were called Mongoloid, according to the Oxford English dictionary. Even in the case of a direct quote, consider how offensive the term is and include the historical context if possible. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use a medical professionals diagnosis or, if that is not possible, terms such as comatose or non-responsive. Avoid referring to someone as a vegetable or veg as such words dehumanize the person. permanently and substantially confined to their immediate premises. But according to deafblind.com, in 1991, some began to advocate changing the acceptable terminology from deaf-blind to deafblind as a more general term that allows for the possibility that an individual may have additional disabilities. Background: The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines freak as one that is markedly unusual or abnormal, such as a person or animal having a physical oddity and appearing in a circus sideshow. This particular use of the word dates to the middle of the 19th century. The most common answer is that they simply dont work very well 1. When they are alone, when they congregate, they do not feel lacking in anything. WebMD explains the difference between epilepsy and seizures in this way: Seizures, abnormal movements or behavior due to unusual electrical activity in the brain, are a symptom ofepilepsy. Typical can be a better choice. Should a story about residents complaining about noisy airplanes flying over their houses note that one of the residents who is complaining uses a wheelchair? NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using the terms unless used in a direct quote. ASL is acceptable on second reference. Insane/insanity/mentally deranged/psychopathology, American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Dwarf, little person/people/midget/short stature, Intellectual disabilities/intellectually disabled, Dwarf, little person/midget/short stature, Dissociative identity disorder/multiple personality disorder, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Do your best. But note that there is no universal agreement on the use of these terms not even close. Seizures can happen after a stroke, a closed head injury, an infection such as meningitis or another illness. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. Background: Psychosis is a broad term used to describe symptoms of certain mental health problems that include delusions or hallucinations or other loss of contact with reality. People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. For example, emotional intelligence also is important when considering a persons overall intelligence, according to the American Psychological Association. Background: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics, sudden, purposeless and rapid movements or vocalizations, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders. It is important to note that some autism advocates do not like this term; it tends to be embraced by self advocates, but not as frequently by families of people with autism who also have intellectual disabilities and other challenges. The guide was developed by the National Center on Disability and Journalism at Arizona State Universitys Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and was last updated in the summer of 2021. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with spina bifida, followed by a short explanation of what their condition entails if it is pertinent to the story. For example, the terms failed attempt or successful or completed attempt depict suicide as a goal, project or solution. If thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. Many prefer people-first language, such as a person with quadriplegia rather than quadriplegic, since the latter implies that the condition defines them. (The proper terminology in the United Kingdom is Downs syndrome). But why does their speech get sloppier? NCDJ Recommendation: Terms such as battle and survivor are still widely accepted and understood, but the user should be aware that they could offend some people. It often is caused by a spinal cord or brain injury and is characterized by the loss of sensory and motor function. You can also download the NCDJ Style Guide as a PDF. Color vision deficiency is becoming more widely used, but you may have to explain its meaning, depending upon the context. Ask individuals how they prefer to be described. Background: People who use mobility equipment such as a wheelchair, scooter or cane consider the equipment part of their personal space, according to the United Spinal Association. Background: The literal translation of spina bifida is split spine, according to the Spina Bifida Association . Background: The Center for Inclusive Design defines Plain English as a direct style of writing for people who can read at a reasonable level. Web"Deaf" usually refers to a hearing loss so severe that there is very little or no functional hearing. Others prefer hard of hearing. It is best to ask your sources what they prefer. Other terms commonly used to refer to people with Down syndrome include intellectually disabled, developmentally disabled and a person who has a cognitive disability or intellectual disability. The Global Down Syndrome Foundation considers all of these terms acceptable, while the National Down Syndrome Society suggests using cognitive disability or intellectual disability. Down syndrome also can be referred to as Trisomy 21. Some content can spark difficult memories for people with certain mental illnesses and phobias.Trigger warnings communicate that upcoming content may produce unpredictable and unwelcome reactions for some readers. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having OCD only if the information is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. Background: According to the National Human Genome Research Institute, a genetic disorder is caused in whole or in part by a change in the DNA sequence away from the normal sequence. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid the use of mongoloid to refer to someone with Down syndrome. Background: A deformity is a condition in which part of the body does not have the typical or expected shape, according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of diagnoses that are cause for concern, including: Multiple Sclerosis Brain Tumors Lyme Disease Head Injury Cerebral Palsy Stroke Background: Lame is a word commonly used to describe difficulty walking as the result of an injury to the leg. Instead, be specific about the condition and use only if relevant to the story. Terminology for the disorder is varied. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. They may prefer non-disabled or enabled as being more accurate. It is more accurate to cite the specific disability or disabilities in question. The appropriateness of the terms is disputed by those within and outside of the organization. Psychotherapist: An umbrella term for mental health professionals trained to treat people for their health problems. Euthanasia should not be used to describe medically assisted suicide or physician-assisted suicide. The AP also suggests using resources from www.reportingonsuicide.org. Journalists should consider other ways of describing a persons ability to function in society. Background: Some disability advocates are beginning to shift away from the word nonverbal in favor of nonspeaking, arguing that nonverbal implies that someone doesnt understand language, while nonspeaking does not invite the same judgment. And if you cant ask the person, dont avoid writing about disability. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. Many dislike However, AP advises against the latter formulation. Another note this time about the language around COVID-19. Alcoholism is characterized by a loss of control in alcohol use, according to the American Psychiatric Association. Described as an award-winning global movement to rebrand disability, the goal of using the term is to get people to consider disability as a core part of the diversity conversationand celebrate disability pride and empowerment, according to mydiversability.com. Causes of hearing loss include: Damage to the inner ear. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and if you are confident the person has been medically diagnosed with the condition. If you have two or more seizures or a tendency to have recurrent seizures, you have epilepsy. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of There is an advocacy movement around this concept that argues against the idea that there is one normal or healthy type of brain or mind or one right style of neurocognitive functioning. Epilepsy is most commonly treated with medication but treatment also can include use of medical devices, surgery, diet and emerging therapy methods. In most cases, this entails placing the reference to the disability after the reference to a person, as in a person with a disability, or a person living with a disability, rather than the disabled person.. They may include: Slurred speech. The Autism Self Advocacy Network details this debate. Thats OK. You may end up using a derogatory term in a direct quote, but be certain that its fundamental to the story. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. AP style: The stylebook uses deaf to describe a person with total hearing loss and partially deaf or partial hearing loss for others. AP style:The style book defers to the National Association of the Deaf, stating: Hearing-impaired was a well-meaning term that is not accepted or used by many deaf and hard of hearing people.. When covering AA, consider referring to members by their first name only unless official references or context requires otherwise. Refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story and, when possible, confirm the diagnosis with a reputable source, such as a medical professional or other licensed professional. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. Brain damage. However, the word deformity has a negative connotation when used in reference to those with disabilities. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. The institute states, It is common for people to have mixed dementia a combination of two or more types of dementia. A note about person-first language. There is debate about when someone with a chronic illness is considered to have a disability. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. By definition, developmental disabilities manifest before age 22. As youll see below, high functioning and low functioning are considered offensive. The field was founded by Sigmund Freud. Reactions for those with chemical sensitivities are triggered by low-level exposure to everyday substances and products, including pesticides, solvents, cleaning agents, new carpeting and adhesives, and fragrances and scented products. Common symptoms across forms of dementia include memory loss, difficulty performing complex tasks, communication difficulties, personality changes and paranoia, according to the Archaeologist Elisa Perego coined the term long COVID to refer to people with lasting symptoms. More serious causes of dysarthria, or sudden slurred speech, include Heart attack: Heart attacks cause pain, exhaustion, and shortness of breath, which can result in slurred speech. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid referring to an individual as a paraplegic. Background: Ableism refers to discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities. Background: This term is used to describe someone who does not identify as having a disability. Most are proud to be Deaf. Several U.S. disability groups have always used identity-first terms, specifically the culturally Deaf community and the autistic rights community. Signs and symptoms of dysarthria vary, depending on the underlying cause and the type of dysarthria. However, it is such a general term that it fails to accurately describe a persons condition and is now widely viewed as offensive in that it implies that a person lacks abilities. Background: Down syndrome is a congenital condition caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21 in an individuals cell nuclei. Avoid confined to a wheelchair or wheelchair-bound as these terms describe a person only in relationship to a piece of equipment. Those with an ADHD diagnosis may also exhibit difficulty sitting still or engaging in quiet activities. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. NCDJ Recommendation: The words abnormal or abnormality might be acceptable when describing scientific phenomena, such as abnormalities in brain function. The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters. Addiction often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction. However, The National Association of the Deaf supports the identity-first approach. Instead, always try to specify the type of disability being referenced. Addiction usually refers to a disease or disorder; dependence may, on the other hand, describe babies born to mothers who use drugs or cancer patients who take prescribed painkillers. More. Its best to avoid using clean and dirty with regard to drug test results, according to the Center for Substance Abuse and Treatment. Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. There's nothing inherently negative about spasticity aside from the pain that can result from it but like many neutral words, people have used "spaz" to make Physical deformities can arise from a number of causes, including genetic mutations, various disorders, amputations and complications in utero or at birth. The temporary effect of too much alcohol is caused by the toxins interaction on neurons in the brain, mainly in the Background: The terms mentally retarded, retard and mental retardation were once common terms that are now considered outdated and offensive. Syracuse Universitys Disability Cultural Center says, The basic reason behind members of (some disability) groups dislike for the application of people-first language to themselves is that they consider their disabilities to be inseparable parts of who they are. For example, they prefer to be referred to as autistic, blind or disabled.. Its acceptable to use the word said in subsequent references. The term has largely gone out of use and is now considered objectionable and inaccurate. Many medical organizations do not use a hyphen when spelling posttraumatic; however the AP does. Even with the caveat that this does not apply to all, we have heard from many people with disabilities who take issue with that advice. In some cases, the word typical can be used to describe a non-disabled condition, although be aware that some in the disability community object to its use. A signer is a person who may be able to communicate conversationally with deaf persons but who may not necessarily possess the skills and expertise to accurately interpret complex dialogue or information, according to the . Background: Service animals are trained animals, usually dogs, that provide services to people with disabilities. Laws against suicide have been repealed in the U.S. and many other places. Instead, we hope you will double down to find out how people would like to be described. According to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the opposite is true. Most people know that strokes can cause one side of the face to droop, weakness of an arm or a leg, trouble walking, and slurred speech. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. Raisingdeafkids.org has a good list of related resources and more information. Background: Abnormality is a word used to describe a condition that deviates from what is considered normal. NCDJ Recommendation: Do not use the term freak to describe a person with a disability as it is derogatory. Background: Indicates a person who has some loss of both vision and hearing. AP style: Not addressed except to state that homebound and housebound are one word with no hyphens. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to injuries as being sustained or received rather than suffered, as suffer implies that an injured person is a victim or somehow less than a person who has not been injured. In those cases, attribute the term or note its historic use. Background: Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness characterized by distorted recognition and interpretations of reality, affecting how an individual thinks, feels and acts, according to the National Institute of Mental Health.Common symptoms include visual and auditory hallucinations, delusional and disordered thinking, unresponsiveness, and a lack of pleasure in daily life and other social issues. Hearing is a prerequisite for the development of normal speech & language. Psychiatrist: A mental health professional able to prescribe psychotropic medications. The American Psychiatric Association offers a useful media guide of appropriate terms. WebFeeling Tired or Stressed. While speech impediment and speech disorder are still widely used within the medical community, many consider the terms offensive because they describe the conditions in terms of a deficiency. WebInclude plenty of whole grains, fruits, and vegetables in their diet. Use recovering to refer to someone with the disease of addiction, as in someone recovering from alcoholism.. Referring to someone as an epileptic is often considered offensive. Keep in mind that it may not be relevant to include in a story how an individual communicates as long as the communication is clear. The discussion can be found here. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Some provide emotional therapy as well as medication management. For a long time, it simply meant slow. Even the term disability is not universally accepted. Otherwise, use the terms disabled, disability or person with a disability.. These personalities, medically known as alters, can exhibit different speech patterns, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts, gender identities and even physical characteristics. Lame or lamebrain to describe non-health issues or note its historic use considerations apply covering! To drug test results, according to the middle of the Deaf has a good list of resources. Some and is characterized by the loss of movement in the U.S. and many other.. The Registry of Interpreters of the terms is disputed by those within and of! Or solution commonly treated with medication but treatment also can be appropriate when used to describe a only! 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