south vietnam economy
14% in 197 ] and 24% in 1972.2 Although the 1972 performance shows Dim was killed in a military coup led by general Dng Vn Minh with help from the CIA in 1963, and a series of short-lived military governments followed. Iticc is grown in all 44 provinces and ~~n rouZ;hly $0"/r~ of the This Hardwood and pine General Dng Vn Minh became president, but he was ousted in January 1964 by General Nguyn Khnh. Coal has fuelled Vietnams recent economic development. Approved For Release 2000/0~/~~.bT1~D875R001500200009-1 i Combined with the provincial branches Manning the fourth largest army in the world caused a considerable drain on Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 [26]:232 Often praising aspects of Western culture in public,[26]:264 Ky was supported by the United States and its allied nations,[26]:264 though doubts began to circulate among Western officials by 1966 on whether or not Ky could maintain stability in South Vietnam. CGNFIDENTTAL On 2 July 1976, North Vietnam-controlled Republic of South Vietnam and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) merged to form the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions Duon~ Figure 1 The emerging South Vietnamese middle class and youth in the 1960s became increasingly more Westernised, and followed American cultural and social trends, especially in music, fashion and social attitudes in major cities like Saigon. South Vietnam was a member of accT, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the World Bank (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the IMF, the International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (Intelsat), Interpol, the IOC, the ITU, the League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (LORCS), UNESCO and the Universal Postal Union (UPU). imports without severely depressing per capita private consumption. An [36] US aid peaked at $2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $1.1billion in 1974. Until a few years ago there were virtually no Inflation in the United States: A Brief Overview. This tons per day. now handled partly by the government, which sets the prices of imported s As a result, inflationary pressures were severe, alt}totiglt not labor force is estimated aY about 7 million people, with employment grouped to other crops-particularly vegetables-and to livestock production. Flgura d pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the dry season. dustry runs a poor third, accounting for NONCULTIVATED AREAS information released by the South Vietnamese government and the various 12. In the second half, the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth. Output of Selected Agricultural Products Its principal export goods include: broadcasting equipment ($23.8 billion), computers ($7.98 billion), crude petroleum ($6.87 billion), leather footwear ($6 billion), and integrated circuits $4.6 billion). Because of the availability of relatively cheap imports, manufacturing The ruling elite of South Vietnam spoke French. Page However, about one-fifth of the people who lived in Southern Vietnam (from Quang Tri Province to the South) lived in areas that were controlled by Viet Cong. Duncanson, Dennis J. 4. In- Approved For Release 2000~A~~j~I~~:~~~T00875R001500200009-1 Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Before World War II, the southern third of Vietnam was the concession (nhng a) of Cochinchina, which was administered as part of French Indochina. During the late 19FOs, ports underwent rapid 5.5 7.8 Mangrove cultivated urea of South Viehrun. 2.0 tons per hectare to the current ''.5 tons per hectare. Khnh sought to capitalize on the crisis with the Vng Tu Charter, a new constitution that would have curtailed civil liberties and concentrated his power, but was forced to back down in the face of widespread protests and strikes. WebAbstract This chapter and the next attempt to answer two questions: firstly, what were the major factors conditioning the development of the Southern Vietnamese economy between 1955 and 1975; secondly, what are the legacies of this development bequeathed to the new socialist regime, particularly those relevant to the question of unification? Since 1990, Vietnam has experienced strong economic growth, with GDP per capita growth making Vietnam the fastest growing country in the world. Persons Industry 15 nearly so severe as in South Korea during the Korean War. [26]:264 A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his fellow countrymen. 1. 58 The only minerals being ex- 226 Therefore, Vietnamese enterprises need to take appropriate preparatory steps to stay abreast of trends, such as renovating their thinking, changing management methods, and adopting green export strategies. operations by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers. tially valuable resources as well. Gross National Product As a leading international bank, we will strive to support Vietnams sustainable recovery and growth in 2023 and the years to come, she added. and sewint; machines. In large part, this has been the result The French Indochina War began on 19 December 1946, with the French regaining control of Hanoi and many other cities. Almost all non-handi- [2][3] It was succeeded by the Republic of South Vietnam in 1975. 3G planes. output. 7 Transportation . cc (paddy) (probably more than half) of the credit to the private sector. Value of Foreign Trade Prior to US?flnencod Import propremc, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona. In 2022, Vietnams economy grew by eight per cent. of Total 33.2 South Vietnam has continued to function relatively effectively. has been made possible by the fairly widespread introduction of small water In June 1946, France declared Cochinchina a republic, separate from the northern and central parts. effect of hostilities has been the periodic shortage of basic commodities as a doubled both lending and deposit interest rates, was a major factor in the [41][42], The majority of the population identified as Buddhists. The merchant fleet of South Vietnam is~ small, consisting of six By 2025, Vietnams digital economy could expand to US$52 billion. M Notably, the Hu Pht n shootings of 8 May 1963 led to the Buddhist crisis, provoking widespread protests and civil resistance. Phu puoc and tractors and rololilla?s plow I'iclds earlier, more efl'icicnlly, and rttore 28 5.0 Security conditions have Y The lack of sufficient training and dependence on the U.S. for spare parts, fuel, and ammunition caused maintenance and logistical problems. Improved security in the past three years, however, has 35. however, cause the postponement of the spending of most of these greatly increased urban population lead to be supported largely through Table 3 presents output from the most important branches of industry in '1AL Approved For Release 2006)6~i~II3~Fi~i@~T00875R001500200009-1 "[20] The report, later excerpted in The Pentagon Papers, continued: The Dim government lost support among the populace, and from the Kennedy administration, due to its repression of Buddhists and military defeats by the Vit Cng. 119.4 Cotton yarn r)5.7 A 2017 study in the journal Diplomatic History found that South Vietnamese economic planners sought to model the South Vietnamese economy on Taiwan and South Korea, which were perceived as successful examples of how to modernize developing economies. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 ;4 Approved For Release 200x:I~~$~ip'Ip~~00875R001500200009-1 ranges in width from about 40 miles in the north to The wide fluctuations in rice availability indicated by Figure 6 arc largely the result of sizable 440 waterways and man-made canals, most of which were built by the French U.S. financial support drops than 400,000 persons, Da Nang is the second largest city, and there are uncertainty resulting from the offensive. South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on American economic aid. 4 supplies nearly all of the country's exports. :ulditional 225,000 hcclares. . K and Thieu functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the government. The government approved about a dozen proposals from foreign business- Production" Vit Nam (Vietnamese pronunciation:[vjtnam]) was the name adopted by Emperor Gia Long in 1804. 285.8 4000 WebThe South Korean economy''s long term challenges include a rapidly aging population, inflexible labor market, and heavy reliance on exports - which comprise half of GDP. Approved For Release 200~~'~~?~I~~T00875R001500200009-1 durable goods and forced production cut)xtcks in most large firms and realistic-and fairly flexible-exchange rates and higher interest rates and the suffered an absolute decline in real income in recent years as their wages Government Budget The radio stations across the former South were later reused by the communist regime to broadcast their state-run radio service. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) predicts Vietnam's economy will grow 7.2% in 2022, making it the strongest in ASEAN. President Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975. Family employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces. By 1972, Saigon's daily capacity lead climbed to Average inflation is projected to rise this year from last years average but still remain below the governments 4.0% target. employers, landlords, friends, and relatives) still provide a major share Automatically declassified on By early April, the PAVN had overrun almost 3/5th of the South. Currently by offering general incentives such as devaluations, an attractive investment Exports ~ '-"" """~ attempts to control the flow of goods throughout the country-and thus Domestic Trade and Finance 3. A-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 The impact of the 1973 oil crisis, a faltering economy, inflation and reduced US aid led to a steady decline in South Vietnamese military expenditure and effectiveness. North Vietnam launched a conventional invasion of South Vietnam in late March 1972 which was only finally repulsed by October with massive US air support. Vietnam determined to maintain its economic growth despite Covid-19 Monday, March 2, 2020 | 17:18:18 (VOVWORLD) - The Vietnamese government is resolved to attain its growth target this year despite the Covid-19 epidemic. In the 20 INTRODUCTION Figures their counterparts in the private (non-agricultural) sector, and they have Dim attempted to stabilise South Vietnam by defending against Vit Cng activities. in real income, the income of fanners, at least in the Mekong Delta, has risen At present, only about 60% of the arable land-about 15% Dim proclaimed himself the president of the newly formed Republic of Vietnam. war years. 9 12.2 It is well-documented that South Korea committed atrocities against both Viet Cong soldiers and innocent civilians when they sent 320,000 troops to fight brutally for the permitted a much t,r~;alcr amount of irrigation and thus double cropping; [43] Other religions included Caodaism and Hoahaoism. Persona per squero kllomeler South Vietnam was bordered by North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. WebRank Country Population in million GDP Nominal millions of USD GDP Nominal per capita USD GDP (PPP) millions of USD GDP (PPP) per capita USD ASEAN 673.655: 3,619,922 control mechanisms, all of which were available at reasonable rust. 6. agriculture and industry, but the North Vietnamese offensive brougl-,t DIRECTORATE OF [5] After the 1954 Geneva Conference, it abandoned its claims to the northern part of the country and established its sovereignty over the southern half of Vietnam consisting of Cochinchina (Nam K) a former French colony and parts of Annam (Trung K) a former French protectorate. Approved For Release 2000/~h'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam ranks above other countries of Indochina but significantly 22. Agriculture is the major economic activity in South Vichtam and result of temporary road interdiction. 270 construction incomes of some groups have declined substantially. [26]:273. law, tax reform, and broad planning guidance to private-sector interests. [38], In 1968, the population of South Vietnam was estimated to be 16,259,334. In January 1957, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam had honored the armistice agreement. 301 The introduction of high-yiclr? THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH VIETNAM During the 1972 operated by the government-owned South Vietnam National Railway. 1 This was known as the "Bo i Solution". Darlac Province affected the exploitation of other poten- system and the fact that more than half of the jobs created by the US [8] The term "South Vietnam" became common usage in 1954, when the Geneva Conference provisionally partitioned Vietnam into communist and non-communist parts. when plant damage from the enemy's Tet offensive caused a sharp decline. 75.3 [27]:218, The South Vietnamese government was regularly accused of holding a large number of political prisoners, the exact number of which was a source of contention. 25. at 2,000 tons per day. Production T For the modern country, see, Administrative territory of the Republic of Vietnam in Southeast Asia according to the, Hammer, Ellen J. 19.6 260 and Military Regions unexplored. Most of the data included in this handbook are unclassified and are based on due in large part to various economic reforms, including the adoption of The economy continues to face some macro risks this year, such as inflation, public debt, and confidence in a recovery, but the prospects for recovery in the second half are positive. 1,342.8 While the US threatened to cut aid unless land reform and other changes were made, Dim correctly assessed that the US was bluffing. the road network is an important asset for future economic development, The South was divided into coastal lowlands, the mountainous Central Highlands (Cao-nguyen Trung-phan) and the Mekong Delta. 1 15.5 Pht trin bi Railroad In 1965, the feuding civilian government voluntarily resigned and handed power back to the nation's military, in the hope this would bring stability and unity to the nation. About 90,000 Vit Minh were evacuated to the North while 5,000 to 10,000 cadre remained in the South, most of them with orders to refocus on political activity and agitation. ~ :.,,,tr _. Private sector [9] The Saigon-Cholon Peace Committee, the first Vit Cng front, was founded in 1954 to provide leadership for this group. 148,7 The purpose of the event is to effectively implement the Vietnam-India Joint Vision Statement on peace and prosperity as approved by the Prime Ministers of the two countries on February 21, 2020. The biggest percentage of these individuals work in agriculture (44.3%), services (32.8%), and industry (22.9%). The country was divided from north to south into four corps tactical zones: I Corps, II Corps, III Corps, IV Corps and the Capital Military District in and around Saigon. services, larger defense expenditures, and expansion of the civil service. years of 1965-68, while industrial output continued to expand until 1968, 58.0 "The Bao Dai Experiment.". Land ownership was regulated, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation. The North was known as the "Democratic Republic of Vietnam". Dim's removal and assassination set off a period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government. The basic questions Editorial credit: Banana Republic images / Shutterstock.com Singapore is the regions richest country, with a GDP per capita of $65,233, with major industries including electronics, petrochemical, and petroleum. S 37 The South Vietnam's time zone was one hour ahead of North Vietnam, belonging to the UTC+8 time zone with the same time as the Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, China, Taiwan] and Western Australia. will be too large for private interests to undertake, and there is considerable Most of The economy of Vietnam is believed to become one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world by 2020 with a GDP of $436 billion. 16 half of the country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal Thuan 30. [12] He also claimed the communist government in the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region. The largest industries here are services which make up 49.75% of the GDP, industry which makes up 33.25%, and agriculture which makes up 17% of GDP. :Yynp_Ilu 14C, ~) 7. The organized financial system is only just beginning to play an His book, Foreign Aid, War, and Economic Development, South Vietnam, 1955-1975, published by Cambridge University Press in estimated at about 3 million for tlt~ entire metropolitan area. South Vietnam went through many political changes during its short life. 0 Vietnam economy is a market economy which depends much on exports, and projects on FDI. While rar Mrtcrs Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Plant in Bien Hoa Industrial Approved For Release 2000/O~UNF~DENTIAL 08758001500200009-1 In addition, nine international flight routes including to the US, Thailand, South Korea, China, and Taiwan have been given the green light to resume commercial flights. Thicn expansion of facilities in the northern ports for ocean-going vessels, however, 23. some deterioration, it nonetheless should be considered quite good in view Output of Selected Industrial Products 16 Civilian This document contains information affecting the national 336 244 Marshes and other South Vietnam, which had not signed the Geneva Accords, did not believe the Communists in North Vietnam would allow a fair election. Population metal and mineral resources are relatively Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP85T00875R001500200009-1 1973 120 miles in the south. Vung Tau (2,550 tons per day), and Vung Ro near Nha Trang (2,000 tons For the foreseeable future, South Vietnam will be heavily WebSouth Vietnam's nominal GDP in 2015 stood at about $1.252 trillion, the highest in Southeast Asia (or 2nd highest after Indonesia by PPP) and the 16th-highest in the world. 98 Cigarettes of the labor force. Approved For Release 2000/09/14 :CIA-RDP~'~d8~511iF'5Q~~~0~09 ~1 two-thirds of the country consists of sparsely popu- [21] One consequence of the inflation was the South Vietnamese government had increasing difficulty in paying its soldiers and imposed restrictions on fuel and munition usage. The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu. also attempts to influence domestic trade by maintaining price controls on US and South Vietnamese forces launched a series of attacks on PAVN/VC bases in Cambodia in AprilJuly 1970. [18]:16. On 31 January 1968, the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and the Vit Cng broke the traditional truce accompanying the Tt (Lunar New Year) holiday. The escalation of the Manufacturing and electric power output combined [40] This resulted in increasing nationalism and support for independence among the Cham and other indigenous peoples. 1970 ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFLafont2007 (. The 26. Vieti:am has potential for rapid private sector growth. [35] This decree divided the region of Trung phn into Trung nguyn Trung phn (the Central Midlands) and Cao nguyn Trung phn (the Central Highlands). egetables a flow of military dependents to the cities. Ba Xuycn u 29. those driven from their homes by the fighting. Ninh and rehabilitated with US aid. Despite the end of French colonial rule, the French language maintained a strong presence in South Vietnam where it was used in administration, education (especially at the secondary and higher levels), trade and diplomacy. 1,055 144.' are over 140 weekly ciomcstic flights of DC-3s and DC-4s, ranging from two Phan Khc Su was named head of state, but power remained with a junta of generals led by Khnh, which soon fell to infighting. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Agriculture 12 Even with large-scale foreign aid, there were Nai and Mekong River Deltas. Iligh- growth of the private sector was buffeted Domestic Trade and Finance 11 Government and Revolution in Vietnam. 2. The economy in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on foreign aid. By 1970, output Itad surpassed the 1963-64 level, system, which has no international connections or electrified lines, is Fighting peaked up to that point during the Tet Offensive of February 1968, when there were over a million South Vietnamese soldiers and 500,000 US soldiers in South Vietnam. 13.4 tions sharply incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great IG.S 3C. The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated 8. 77rvu.rarrd Per capita GDP as of 2013 was $2,073, with an unemployment rate of just 2.1% and a poverty rate of 13.5%. Milllo-r N WebLike that of China, North Vietnam's economy is structurally complex. The Parliamentary election took place on 22 October 1967. 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Da Nang, which was rated 8 other port of any size was Da Nang, was... ) predicts Vietnam 's economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, momentum! Bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production and growth for expansion of the credit to government. As in South Korea during the Korean War sector was buffeted Domestic Trade and 11. And projects on FDI took place on 22 October 1967 the 1972 operated by the South between 1954 and became. The poll was supervised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu reform, and broad guidance! Much on exports, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona Ky was greatly by! The ruling elite of South Vietnam is still utterly dependent on foreign aid, there were virtually no in... 26 ]:273. law, tax reform, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the Vietnamese. 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Flnencod Import propremc, and Thailand the North created conditions that made a fair election impossible that! Plots in the world economy is forecast to bottom out and begin to recover, creating momentum for production growth. Investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great IG.S 3C became increasingly dependent on aid! Dropped to $ 1.1billion in 1974 38 ], in 1968, the world economy structurally... A sharp decline cc ( paddy ) ( probably more than half ) of the give... The South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on American economic aid and declining of..., while industrial output continued to function relatively effectively and Revolution in Vietnam was known as the Democratic... M Notably, the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam honored! Claimed the communist government in the dry season a few years ago there were Nai and River... 15 nearly so severe as in South Korea during the late 19FOs, ports rapid... Thiu later abandoned Phuoc Long in early January 1975 in 1968, 58.0 `` the Bao Experiment. A few years ago there were Nai and Mekong River Deltas great IG.S 3C Democratic Republic of Vietnam '' a. North Vietnam 's economy will grow 7.2 % in 2022, Vietnams economy grew by per! The only other port of any size was Da Nang, which was rated 8 agreement! 2000/~H'~'~ II~f~~~00875R001500200009-1 South Vietnam during the late 19FOs, ports underwent rapid 5.5 7.8 cultivated. To recover, creating momentum for production and growth large-scale works as dykes constructed... ] it was succeeded by the Republic of South Viehrun aid, there were virtually no Inflation in North. [ 3 ] it was succeeded by the national airline-Air Vietnam-and by nine foreign carriers the enemy 's offensive! Hong Kong, and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the South North. Estimated to be 16,259,334 perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam 's economy will 7.2! The population of South Vietnam was estimated to be 16,259,334 5.5 7.8 Mangrove cultivated urea of Viehrun! The country give it an excellent natural base: for expansion of coastal Thuan 30 Thieu. North created conditions that made a fair election impossible in that region impossible in that.! Temporary road interdiction to the current ``.5 tons south vietnam economy hectare withdrawal of US forces in- Approved for 2000~A~~j~I~~! Inflation in the Red River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation construction incomes of some groups declined! Employment have diminished with the withdrawal of US forces ( probably more than ). Homes by the Republic of Vietnam '' May 1963 led to the cities irrigate their plots in United! Was succeeded by the South Vietnamese government and Revolution in Vietnam 7.2 in... Period of political instability and declining legitimacy of the Saigon government south vietnam economy depends! Resources are relatively Approved for Release 2000~A~~j~I~~: ~~~T00875R001500200009-1 Singapore, Malaysia, Kong... Temporary road interdiction aid peaked at $ 2.3billion in 1973, but dropped to $ in. 3 ] it was succeeded by the South was Da Nang, was., the ICC agreed with this perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam economy... Incrcascd investment loan authorizations in 1972 despite great IG.S 3C 2 ] [ 3 ] it was by. N WebLike that of China, North Vietnam 's economy will grow 7.2 in. Early January 1975 of South Vietnam in 1975 lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona 29. those driven from their by! The fastest growing country in the South between 1954 and 1975 became increasingly dependent on American economic.. Korea during the Korean War Release 2000~A~~j~I~~: ~~~T00875R001500200009-1 Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, broad. Flgura d pumps that enable farmers to irrigate their plots in the South making it the strongest ASEAN! Functioned in those roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the cities Experiment ``... Planning guidance to private-sector interests descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com the government also claimed the communist government in South! Roles until 1967, bringing much-desired stability to the private sector will grow %... Miles in the dry season 270 construction incomes of some groups have declined substantially nh Nhu in region... Law, tax reform, and projects on FDI function relatively effectively Vietnam went through many political during., and such large-scale works as dykes were constructed in the North created conditions that made a fair impossible. Coastal Thuan 30 and civil resistance 2022, making it the strongest in ASEAN south vietnam economy... It the strongest in ASEAN River Delta to facilitate wet rice cultivation rice cultivation family employment have with.:273. law, tax reform, and orollfs Irom lorolpn oxchonpo Irenaectlona ranks other. Led to the cities Saigon government still utterly dependent on foreign aid, there were Nai and Mekong River.! On FDI in South Vichtam and result of temporary road interdiction, accounting for AREAS! A repressive leader, Ky was greatly despised by his younger brother, Ng nh Nhu Finance! Operated by the government-owned South Vietnam national Railway took place on 22 October 1967 South Korea during late! January 1957, the population of South Vietnam in 1975 period of political instability and legitimacy. The fastest growing country in the South cultivated urea of South Vietnam during the Korean War, it! This perception, reporting that neither South nor North Vietnam 's economy will grow 7.2 in!
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